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While your cuba vacations, after leaving Santa Lucia Beach, we suggest going towards the East of Cuba. Traveling along the Northern coast, you have made a tour very infrequent in the country, very different from the itinerary usually suggested in tourist brochures.

Before 1976, Cuba had only six provinces. That year the new Administrative Political Division was promulgated and the number of provinces increased from six to fourteen; that is to say, the country started to have fourteen provinces. Of those six first old provinces, Oriente was the largest. From it, five new provinces appeared: Las Tunas, Holguin, Guantanamo, Santiago de Cuba and Granma. They are all in the East of Cuba and it is to these provinces that you are heading.

These provinces actually defer from the rest of Cuba in several ways. For instance, from the physical and geographical point of view they have the biggest concentration of small bays, including that of Nipe, the largest in Cuba. Also, the largest amount of navigating rivers for small boats engaged in local transportation, including the river with the largest flow in Cuba, the Toa, and the longest one, the Cauto, which also has the biggest basin in the country, suitable for navigation in part of its course. The fluvial cannons are also remarkable, particularly in the Eastern part of these elevations. In some large rivers next to Baracoa, long deltas with an arrow shape known as ¨tibaracones¨ can be found in the river mouths, which are unique in Cuba.

Towards the Easternmost part is Baracoa, the first village founded by the Spanish colonists and the only place in Cuba where it rains all the year round. This area is part of the Nipe-Sagua-Baracoa mountain range, one of the most mountainous and elevated areas of the country, besides displaying the richest biological variety not only of Cuba but also of the whole Caribbean and one of the most important places in the world regarding the concentration of endemic species. That is the reason for its great importance from the bio-geographic point of view.

Among these endemic species, the Almiquí (Solenodon Cubanus), insectivorous and very primitive, is remarkable. It should be pointed out that it is thought that the Royal Woodpecker (Campephilus Principalis Bairdi), still lives in those elevations, considered the largest-size woodpecker in the whole planet. Besides, these mountains are the sanctuary where the mollusks of the Polymita type are located, considered the most beautiful in the world.

In this mountain range, the only stone bridge in Cuba can be found, the Bitirí, over the river of the same name, declared National Monument. There are also the National Parks La Mensura (still to be declared), Pico Cristal and Alejandro de Humboldt. Next to them is the most important area of multi-metal mineral deposits in Cuba, among them nickel, cobalt and manganese, and others.

Also the largest mountain range in Cuba is located in these provinces, the Sierra Maestra, which has several peaks that exceed the 1000 meters of height, where the National Parks La Bayamesa, Desembarco del Granma and Turquino are. The latter occupies part of the highest mountain in Cuba: the Turquino Royal Peak, with about 1962 meters over the sea level. This is also where the deepest waters next to the Cuban coasts are, in the so called Fosa de Bartlett (Bartlett Pit), at almost 2000 meters of depth.

All along the Southern coast are the places where the earthquakes are more frequent, although of low intensity. Particularly in the Western section of the Southern coast there is the narrowest and longest coastal plain of the country, bordered by a mountain system and crossed by a road where numerous volcanic rocks show ( granites, basalts, etc), during the whole trajectory. Also in the South are the most important systems of marine terraces in the Caribbean where the National Park Desembarco del Granma (Granma landing) is. Because of its natural wonders, it was declared Natural Heritage of Mankind by UNESCO, in the category Natural Landscape of Mankind.

We should also point out that in the Southern coast are the only vegetable formations in the whole Caribbean which are similar to the vegetation of true deserts. Even in the highest hills of the Sierra Maestra you can find two vegetable formations unique in the country: the Monte Nublado (Cloudy Hill) and the Monte Fresco (Cool Hill).

From the social and cultural point of view the Southern area also has numerous elements of great interest. For instance, several museums of natural history, of the history of the Wars of Independence against the Spanish power and of passages of the Cuban Revolution, of outstanding personalities of the country, architectural styles and Cuban ways of life. You can find them not only in the province capitals but in the nearby cities and places of interest; among them, Baracoa, Gibara, Puerto Padre, Banes, Baconao and Manzanillo. We will provide more information about them when we suggest their visit.

All these places will be recommended because of their great importance; one of them, Bariay, Holguín, is the place where Christopher Columbus landed for the first time in Cuba, in 1492. Also, the Santa Iphigenia Cemetery, in Santiago de Cuba, where the remains of Jose Martí, the Apostle of Cuba rest. It would be interesting to visit La Demajagua, in Granma province, the place where the declaration of the War of Independence against Spain was made, as well as the family house of Fidel and Raúl Castro, a sample of the wooden architecture at that time, in Biran, Holguin.

It was in the provinces located in the South where most of the refugees from Haiti came at the triumph of the Haitian Revolution in 1791. The ruins of the old French coffee plantations are magnificent, as their influence on the Cuban culture of those provinces is deep. The cultural expressions of these areas are very much related to this influence, among them La Tumba Francesa (the French Drum) of which UNESCO praises its state of preservation, protection and the importance given to this cultural form by the Cuban State.

This part of Cuba is also the most closely related to the Caribbean culture, to such an extent that Santiago de Cuba is known as the Balcony of the Caribbean because of its great affinity with the Caribbean musical rhythms, much more so than the rest of Cuba. The carnivals in these provinces are different from the rest of the country. In this city, the Caribbean Festival, also known as the Fire Party, ingrained in the Caribbean culture, is held in July.

It is suggested to start your tour next to the Northern coast, visiting the center of the provinces to see their capitals as in Las Tunas and Holguin, while in the rest of the mentioned provinces, which are more mountainous, you follow the Northern coast and then towards the South, passing the mountain ranges through roads where the landscapes are wonderful. One of the most outstanding is La Farola, a road unique in Cuba. You will enjoy all of it in next articles.

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Dr. Martin Luis López –
About the Author:

Martin Luis López is a Cuba Vacations specialist working with Umbrella Travel.

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Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/destinations-articles/towards-the-provinces-of-the-levant-in-cuba-2356798.html

Article Tags:
cuba, holguin, santiago de cuba, baracoa